Processing is essential for transforming raw geospatial data into meaningful imagery. Processing levels act as a framework for understanding the level of transformation and manipulation the data has undergone. To select the right data for your use case, it’s important to understand the processing levels offered.
Optical imagery falls into four radiometric processing levels: basic, TOA, surface reflectance, and display.
Basic imagery is provided without any radiometric processing. The raw pixel values or digital numbers (DN) won’t be radiometrically calibrated but will undergo sensor correction to be consistent and comparable across the image.
Inclusions
Basic imagery is sensor-corrected to minimize sensor-to-sensor variation and sensor defects.
Exclusions
Basic imagery isn't radiometrically calibrated, and won't provide radiance or reflectance values.
Basic imagery provides close-to-raw values that are suited for advanced users to perform preliminary analysis and further processing.
Pléiades, Pléiades Neo, and SPOT basic imagery provides radiometric calibration coefficients to allow users to perform their own radiometric calibration.
Top-of-atmosphere (TOA) imagery is radiometrically calibrated. The pixel values represent the radiance or reflectance at the height of the sensor which may include atmospheric effects and inconsistent illumination.
Inclusions
TOA imagery is radiometrically calibrated and sensor-corrected.
Exclusions
TOA imagery isn't atmospherically corrected, and will contain atmospheric effects like scattering and absorption.
TOA imagery is more standardized and can be compared with TOA imagery from other sources. It’s suited for most geospatial analysis use cases.
Surface reflectance or bottom-of-atmosphere (BOA) imagery is atmospherically corrected. The pixel values represent the reflectance values from the Earth’s surface without systemic effects of the atmosphere and variations in solar illumination.
Inclusions
In addition to being radiometrically calibrated and sensor-corrected, surface reflectance imagery is atmospherically corrected.
Exclusions
Surface reflectance imagery will still contain clouds, pollution, and other atmospheric aerosols.
Surface reflectance imagery can be directly compared with data across different dates and sources. It’s suited for change detection, landcover classification, and vegetative analysis.
Display imagery is color-corrected to provide natural or true colors as seen by the human eye. The pixel values are typically reprojected to 8-bit, which makes them more visually appealing but doesn’t represent meaningful physical values.
Inclusions
In addition to being radiometrically calibrated, sensor and atmospherically corrected, display imagery is color-corrected.
Exclusions
Display imagery can't be converted back to the other radiometric processing levels.
It’s suited for visualization, communication, and image detection algorithms.
At least one radiometric processing level per collection is always integrated, but the availability of other levels may differ depending on the collection. Some levels are only available upon request.
| Collection | Basic | TOA | Surface reflectance | Display |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AxelGlobe |  |  Multispectral* | Surface Reflectance* | True Color* |
| Beijing‑3A | | Level 1 Level 2A Level 4* Level 4A* | | |
| Beijing‑3N | | Level 1 Level 2A Level 4* Level 4A* | | |
| BlackSky | | | | Mono Stereo (2-frame) |
| Bluesky Aerial | | | | True Color* Color Infrared* Multispectral* |
| EROS‑B | Level 0A* | Level 1A* Level 1B* | | |
| EROS‑C | Level 0A* | Level 1A* Level 1B* | | |
| GEOSAT 1 | | Level 1R* Level 1T* | | |
| GEOSAT 2 | | Orthoready* Ortho* | | |
| Getmapping Aerial | | | | CityView* NationalView* |
| GHGSat | | | * | |
| Globhe Optical | | | | * |
| GÖKTÜRK‑1 | | Level 2A* Level 2B* | Level 3A* | |
| Hexagon Aerial | | | | |
| HotSat‑1 | Visual* | | | |
| KOMPSAT‑3 | | Level 1R* Level 1O* Level 1G* | | |
| KOMPSAT‑3A | | Level 1R* Level 1O* Level 1G* | | |
| Landsat 8 | | | Level 2SP | |
| Maxar | | System‑Ready | Ortho‑Ready Map‑Ready | Map‑Ready Pansharpened 15 cm HD Map‑Ready Pansharpened |
| Pléiades | Basic Primary* Basic Projected* Basic Ortho* | | Reflectance Primary* Reflectance Projected* Analytic Pansharpened Reflectance | Display Primary* Display Projected* Display |
| Pléiades Neo | Basic Primary* Basic Projected* Basic Ortho* | | Reflectance Primary* Reflectance Projected* Analytic Pansharpened Reflectance | Display Primary* Display Projected* Display Pléiades Neo HD15 Ortho |
| Sentinel‑2 | | | Level 2A | |
| SkySat | Pansharpened | Analytic | Panchromatic | |
| SPOT | Basic Primary* Basic Projected* Basic Ortho* | | Reflectance Primary* Reflectance Projected* Analytic Pansharpened Reflectance | Display Primary* Display Projected* Display |
| TripleSat | | Level 1 Level 2A Level 4* Level 4A* | | |
| Vexcel Aerial | | | | Ortho True Ortho Obliques and Nadir |
| Vision‑1 | Basic Projected* Basic Ortho* | | | |
*Upon request.